如何利用Python实现n*n螺旋矩阵_python

def spiral(n):
    matrix = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]
    # 顺时针方向（右,下,左,上）
    dx = [0, 1, 0, -1]
    dy = [1, 0, -1, 0]
    x = y = 0
    dn = 0  # 方向指针0；向右填充，1：向下填充，2：向上填充，3：向上填充
 
    for i in range(1, n * n + 1):  # 从1开始赋值，一直到n*n
        matrix[x][y] = i
        temp_x = x + dx[dn]
        temp_y = y + dy[dn]
        if 0 <= temp_x < n and 0 <= temp_y < n and matrix[temp_x][temp_y] == 0:
            x = temp_x
            y = temp_y
        else:
            dn = (dn + 1) % 4
            x += dx[dn]
            y += dy[dn]
 
    return matrix
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    n = int(input("输入矩阵n值："))
    matrix = spiral(n)
    for i in range(n):
        print(matrix[i])

创建一个大小为m * n的矩阵，
并以螺旋方式遍历它。
在遍历时，我们跟踪变量“ val”以填充下一个值，
我们将“ val”一个接一个地递增，并将其值放入矩阵中。
以下是简单实现：
def spiral_matrix(m,n):
    '''
    :param x: colunm index
    :param y: row index
    '''
    a = [[0 for _ in range(m)] for _ in range(n)]
    val = 1
    x,y = 0,0
    count = m*n
    while val <= count:
        for i in range(x, m):
            a[x][i] = val
            val += 1
        x += 1
        for i in range(y+1, n):
            a[i][m-1] = val
            val += 1
        y += 1
 
        if x < m:
            for i in range(m-2, x-2, -1):
                a[n-1][i] = val
                val += 1
            m -= 1
 
        if y < n:
            for i in range(n-2, y-1, -1):
                a[i][y-1] = val
                val += 1
            n -= 1
    for i in a:
        print(*i)
 
spiral_matrix(6,6)
# 1 2 3 4 5 6
# 20 21 22 23 24 7
# 19 32 33 34 25 8
# 18 31 36 35 26 9
# 17 30 29 28 27 10
# 16 15 14 13 12 11