目录
- 1、线程的单一参数传递
- 2、线程的多参数传递以及返回值
- 3、多线程可能引起的冲突
在C#中,开启一个线程很容易。
Thread Th1= new Thread(func);
Th1.Start();
private void func(object Obj)
{
//处理代码
}
很多情况下,我们是需要对线程进行传递参数的,这个也简单。
1、线程的单一参数传递
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread Th1= new Thread(func);
Th1.Start("CSDN");
Thread.Sleep(500);
}
private void func(object Obj)
{
string Str = Obj as string;
textBox1.BeginInvoke(new Action(() =>
{
textBox1.Text = $"传入的参数:{Str}";
}));
}
2、线程的多参数传递以及返回值
上面的例子是单一的参数,参数要求是对象,使用的时候进行了拆箱,根据上面的例子对于多参数,可以使用中间对象来处理,就是在中间对象中放置参数和获取处理后的结果。
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
FinancialInfo FI=new FinancialInfo();
FI.PersonName = "CSDN";
FI.PersonDeposit = 123;
Thread Th1 = new Thread(FI.ThreadChangeFinanceialInfo);
Th1.Start();
Thread.Sleep(500);
textBox1.Text=FI.PersonName+Environment.NewLine+FI.PersonDeposit.ToString();
}
private class FinancialInfo
{
private string Name=string.Empty;
private int Deposit=0;
public string PersonName
{
get { return Name; }
set { Name = value; }
}
public int PersonDeposit
{
get { return Deposit; }
set { Deposit = value; }
}
public void ThreadChangeFinanceialInfo()
{
this.Name = this.Name + " | C#";
this.Deposit = this.Deposit + 100;
}
3、多线程可能引起的冲突
多线程在处理同一对象时容易引起潜在的冲突,这个显而易见,例如:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
FinancialInfo FI = new FinancialInfo();
FI.PersonName = "CSDN";
FI.PersonDeposit = 123;
Thread Th1 = new Thread(FI.ThreadAdd);
Thread Th2 = new Thread(FI.ThreadReduce);
Th1.Start();
Th2.Start();
Thread.Sleep(5000);
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + FI.PersonName +"|"+FI.PersonDeposit.ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
}
private class FinancialInfo
{
private string Name=string.Empty;
private int Deposit=0;
public string PersonName
{
get { return Name; }
set { Name = value; }
}
public int PersonDeposit
{
get { return Deposit; }
set { Deposit = value; }
}
public void ThreadAdd()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
this.Deposit = this.Deposit + 1;
}
}
public void ThreadReduce()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
this.Deposit = this.Deposit - 1;
}
}
}
显示结果:
![]()
按道理, FI.PersonDeposit的值是123,加了1000000,也减了1000000,那么最终的结果应该还是123,为什么会是这样呢?
这就是多线程在处理同一对象时所产生的冲突了,产生的就是所谓的“脏数据”。
上面的代码因为等待线程执行完,进行了休眠,可以使用Task来写更简单。
var task1 = new Task(FI.ThreadAdd);
var task2 = new Task(FI.ThreadReduce);
task1.Start();
task2.Start();
Task.WaitAll(task1,task2);
Task是比Thread更加高级的概念,一个Task至少包含一个Thread。
解决上面的冲突就是对可能引起冲突的对象进行加锁判断。
完整代码:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace MultiThread
{
public partial class Form3 : Form
{
private static readonly object LockObj=new object();
public Form3()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
FinancialInfo FI = new FinancialInfo();
FI.PersonName = "CSDN";
FI.PersonDeposit = 123;
var task1 = new Task(FI.ThreadAdd);
var task2 = new Task(FI.ThreadReduce);
task1.Start();
task2.Start();
Task.WaitAll(task1, task2);
textBox1.Text = textBox1.Text + FI.PersonName +"|"+FI.PersonDeposit.ToString()+Environment.NewLine;
}
private class FinancialInfo
{
private string Name=string.Empty;
private int Deposit=0;
public string PersonName
{
get { return Name; }
set { Name = value; }
}
public int PersonDeposit
{
get { return Deposit; }
set { Deposit = value; }
}
public void ThreadChangeFinanceialInfo()
{
this.Name = this.Name + " | C#";
this.Deposit = this.Deposit + 100;
}
public void ThreadAdd()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock(LockObj)
{
this.Deposit = this.Deposit + 1;
}
}
}
public void ThreadReduce()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock(LockObj)
{
this.Deposit = this.Deposit - 1;
}
}
}
}
}
}
显示结果:
![]()
上面显示出了正确的结果,但是会耗时。