websocket握手过程(建立连接的过程)
使用网页端尝试和服务器建立websocket连接。
网页端会先给服务器发起—个HTTP请求,这个HTTP请求中会带有特殊的header。
Connection: Upgrade
Upgrade: Websocket
这两个header其实就是在告知服务器,我们要进行协议升级。
如果服务器支持websocket,就会返回一个特殊的HTTP响应,这个响应的状态码是101(切换协议)。
客户端和服务器之间就开始使用websocket来进行通信了。
websocket代码实例
后端
1.引入依赖WebSocket
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.继承父类TextWebSocketHandler,重写API代码
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
//将该类注入到spring
@Component
public class WebsocketTest extends TextWebSocketHandler {
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接建立成功");
}
@Override
protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
//message.getPayload得到数据载荷
System.out.println("收到的消息:" + message.getPayload());
//服务器将消息返回给客户端
session.sendMessage(message);
}
@Override
public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接异常");
}
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接关闭");
}
}
3.注册
将websocketTest进行注册与路径"/websocket"进行关联,最上面加入@EnableWebSocket注解,开启WebSocket服务。
import com.example.gobang.TestDemo.WebsocketTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket//开启WebSocket
public class RegWebSocket implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Resource
private WebsocketTest websocketTest;
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
//将WebsocketTest类进行注册与路径"/websocket"进行关联
registry.addHandler(websocketTest,"/websocket");
}
}
前端
<input type="text" id="msg">
<button id="submit">提交</button>
<script>
//创建websocket实例
let webScoket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/websocket");
webScoket.onopen = function(){
console.log("连接建立");
}
webScoket.onmessage = function(e){
console.log("收到消息:" + e.data);
}
webScoket.onerror = function(){
console.log("连接异常");
}
webScoket.onclose = function(){
console.log("连接关闭");
}
//点击按钮。通过websocket发送请求
let msg = document.querySelector("#msg");
let webBtn = document.querySelector("#submit");
webBtn.onclick = function(){
console.log("发送消息:" + msg.value);
webScoket.send(msg.value);
}
</script>
4.结果
当点击提交时,客户端将“你好WebSocket”发给服务器,服务器handleTextMessage函数会收到message消息,然后将消息再推送给客户端,客户端触发实例WebSocket的onmessage函数从而接收服务器发送的消息